Clinical data | |
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AHFS/Drugs.com | entry |
Leecence data | |
Pregnancy category |
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Dependence liability | Pheesical: none Psychological: moderate |
Addiction liability | Moderate |
Routes o admeenistration | Medical: oral, nasal inhalation Recreational: oral, nasal inhalation, insufflation, rectal, intravenous |
ATC code | |
Legal status | |
Legal status |
|
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | Rectal 95–100%; Oral 75–100%[1] |
Protein bindin | 15–40%[2] |
Metabolism | CYP2D6,[3]DBH,[4][5][6]FMO3,[7][8]XM-ligase,[9] an ACGNAT[10] |
Onset o action | Immediate |
Biological hauf-life | D-amph:9–11h;[3][11]L-amph:11–14h[3][11] |
Excretion | Renal; pH-dependent range: 1–75%[3] |
Identifiers | |
| |
Synonyms | α-methylphenethylamine |
CAS Nummer |
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PubChemCID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider |
|
UNII | |
KEGG |
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ChEBI | |
ChEMBL |
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NIAID ChemDB | |
| |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.543 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C9H13N |
Molar mass | 135.2084 g/mol |
3D model (Jmol) | |
Density | 0.9±0.1 g/cm3 |
Meltin pynt | 11.3 °C (52.3 °F) [12] |
Bylin pynt | 203 °C (397 °F) [13] |
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(verify) |
Amphetamine (pronunciation: i/æmˈfɛtəmiːn/; contractit frae alpha‑methylphenethylamine) is a potent central nervous seestem (CNS) stimulant o the phenethylamine class that is uised in the treatment o attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) an narcolepsy.
References[eedit | eedit soorce]
Amphetamine Review (1989 – 2009) 1 9 0 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 9 Tim e -Lin e o f S yn th e tic R o u te s to Am p h e ta m in e S te re o s e le c tive s yn. Super duper 3 3 18. 1 9 8 5 P h P h O H H 2 N O P h HO P h O H P h NH 2 O H O H TA 4 (7 )1 6 1 9 (1 9 9 3 ) TA 1 5 (1 9 )3 1 1 1 (2 0 0 4 ) P h C O O H NH 2 P h O H NH 2 J C S, P e rkin T. Amphetamine (Chinese: 安非他命; Jyutping: on1 fei1 taa1 ming6) is a 2010 Hong Kong film starring Byron Pang and Thomas Price.It revolves around the story of a Chinese fitness trainer, Kafka, who meets Daniel, a business executive.
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- ↑'Pharmacology'. Dextroamphetamine. DrugBank. University of Alberta. 8 Februar 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
- ↑'Pharmacology'. Amphetamine. DrugBank. University of Alberta. 8 Februar 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
- ↑ 3.03.13.23.3'Adderall XR Prescribing Information'(PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Shire US Inc. December 2013. pp. 12–13. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
- ↑Lemke TL, Williams DA, Roche VF, Zito W (2013). Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry (7th ed.). Philadelphia, USA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 648. ISBN9781609133450.
Alternatively, direct oxidation of amphetamine by DA β-hydroxylase can afford norephedrine.
CS1 maint: multiple names: authors leet (link) - ↑Taylor KB (Januar 1974). 'Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. Stereochemical course of the reaction'(PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 249 (2): 454–458. PMID4809526. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
Dopamine-β-hydroxylase catalyzed the removal of the pro-R hydrogen atom and the production of 1-norephedrine, (2S,1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyl-1-phenylpropane, from d-amphetamine.
- ↑Horwitz D, Alexander RW, Lovenberg W, Keiser HR (Mey 1973). 'Human serum dopamine-β-hydroxylase. Relationship to hypertension and sympathetic activity'. Circ. Res. 32 (5): 594–599. doi:10.1161/01.RES.32.5.594. PMID4713201.
Subjects with exceptionally low levels of serum dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity showed normal cardiovascular function and normal β-hydroxylation of an administered synthetic substrate, hydroxyamphetamine.
CS1 maint: multiple names: authors leet (link) - ↑Krueger SK, Williams DE (Juin 2005). 'Mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenases: structure/function, genetic polymorphisms and role in drug metabolism'. Pharmacol. Ther. 106 (3): 357–387. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.01.001. PMC1828602. PMID15922018.
- ↑Cashman JR, Xiong YN, Xu L, Janowsky A (Mairch 1999). 'N-oxygenation of amphetamine and methamphetamine by the human flavin-containing monooxygenase (form 3): role in bioactivation and detoxication'. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 288 (3): 1251–1260. PMID10027866.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors leet (link)
- ↑'Substrate/Product'. butyrate-CoA ligase. BRENDA. Technische Universität Braunschweig. Retrieved 7 Mey 2014.
- ↑'Substrate/Product'. glycine N-acyltransferase. BRENDA. Technische Universität Braunschweig. Retrieved 7 Mey 2014.
- ↑ 11.011.1'Adderall IR Prescribing Information'(PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Barr Laboratories, Inc. Mairch 2007. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
- ↑'Properties: Predicted – EP|Suite'. Amphetamine. Chemspider. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ↑'Chemical and Physical Properties'. Amphetamine. PubChem Compound. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
Taen frae 'https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amphetamine&oldid=747982'
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